Fine-scale assessment of Chlorella syrup as a nutritional supplement for honey bee colonies

Habitat loss, climate change, and global agriculture have a non-negligible effect on the reduced abundance diversity of floral resources. Malnutrition nutritional stress are consequences combination these factors with considerable impact honey bee health colony losses. The solution to inadequate natural sources for beekeeping is additional feeding colonies food supplements. algae Chlorella source, nutrient profile similar pollen, thus it has promising application in beekeeping. We evaluated vulgaris syrup as dietary supplement view oxidative that may be caused by long term administration colonies. Consuming did not influence activity digestive enzymes summer workers, however, lipase insignificantly increased. After colonies, we also observed higher gene expression antioxidant catalase superoxid dismutase1 adult workers; larvae those genes was affected. Surprisingly, correspond enzyme abdomens. In fed recorded concentration vitellogenin, which plays multiple roles physiology, i.e., antioxidant, storage protein, or immunity-related functions. Our new findings brought evidence negatively affect digestion balance bees, its pollen can fully recommended maintaining during periods dearth.